The Federal Legal Drinking - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2035 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/10/30 Category Finance Essay Level High school Tags: Teenage Drinking Essay Did you like this example? The federal legal drinking age in the United States has been 21 since a 1984 legislation by Congress. This legislation was passed by raising the age from 18, and the arguments for this legislation were that among people under the age of 21, the following issues would decrease: death from suicide, car accidents, falls, and drowning. Other issues of concern relative to drinking in this age group are alcohol dependence, binge drinking, sexual assault and violent crimes, alcohol poisoning, and slower brain development. Approximately 5,000 people below the age of 21 die in alcohol-related incidents yearly, and there are many thousands of emergency room visits a year in this same age group due to drinking. Binge drinking is generally the architect in these situations, with upwards of 90% of the alcohol imbibed is during this act (CDC, 2017). Also linked with binge drinking are violent crimes and sexual assault that can occur when a minor has had too much. Inhibitions and clear thinking decrease, leading to circumstances where morality is less of a factor than it would be normally. The simple truth of right and wrong become hazy, and this is when good decision- making becomes impaired (Ghillyer, 2018 p. 6). The reasoning for the legislation was also to give young adults the chance to obtain what our society has deemed as the normal goals upon achieving adulthood. The brain doesnt fully mature until the age of 25, and alcohol can slow down or impair that growth. Achieving its full potential would be hindered. School performance and attendance tends to falter. Consumption also can lead to dependence later in life. Problems reaching goals such as marriage, employment, and financial independence can result (Buddy, 2018). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Federal Legal Drinking" essay for you Create order The current age at which a person can enlist in the military is 18; or 17 with parental consent. This commitment is a minimum of 2 years and a maximum of 6, dependent upon the rate (training), that the enlistee elects to undergo. After basic training, they attend advanced training in their specialty, and upon graduation they can be stationed anywhere in the world, including combat zones. This equates to possibly being deployed in a war zone at the age of 18. As the federal minimum drinking age is 21, this applies to the military also. Exceptions to that law are when stationed in a host country that allows drinking at a lower age, the base commander can elect to allow his subordinates the same right, at their discretion. In the early 1990s, when stationed in the United States within 50 miles of the Canadian or Mexican borders, soldiers could drink at 18; this was to prevent them travelling into the neighboring country and getting into worse trouble (Dieterle Rizer, 2017). This is no longer a policy that the armed forces practices. Depending on where you are stationed and the discretion of the base commander, determines the underage drinking rules. If a person volunteers for service, possibly putting themselves in harms way for their country, does that not show enough maturity to allow them to consume alcohol before they are 21? Discussion When a person joins the military, its very different than starting a new job or going off to college. The time commitment is just that, a set amount of time that is mandatory unless extreme events prevent further service; you cannot just give 2-weeks notice and search for employment elsewhere. The place your stationed also isnt your choice, unlike selecting your school or where you choose to work. You can be away from family and friends for many months, with no option of vacation to visit. Constitutional rights concerning search and seizure and privacy rights are diminished affording less protection to a member of the military (Staff, 2018). The term military service means serving your country and making sacrifices to provide that service. When a person not serving breaks the law by consuming or possessing alcohol, they generally receive a fine and/or community service. In Iowa, a first offense is a $200 fine, with that increasing to $500 for a third offense and the suspension of a drivers license for up to 1 year (N.A., 2018). The military has its own set of codes and punishments under the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ). The punishment for underage drinking can include all, part, or a combination of restriction to base for up to 45 days, extra duty for not more than 14 days, reduction in rank, loss of 50% base pay for up to 2 months. If an enlistee is the lowest rank of E-1, that amount approaches $1500 (Karns, 2018). If the offense is committed off-base, they will face these consequences on top of the civil fines. Consequently, our military under the age of 21 cannot legally drink and faces stiff fines and punishment. How does this make sense when we train them to fight our wars with weapons that can cause massive damage? This does not make any sense to me when in the past, our armed services were able to drink, and I cant remember, nor have I read in the history books, where a drunk soldier went on a rampage of death and destruction. If anything, their training helps them to handle circumstances they cant control, and often act with courage and integrity. Interviews In order to gain a larger picture of how different people of diverse ages and backgrounds view this dilemma, I conducted an interview. The following question is what I ask all the participants, their answers, and my thoughts on their replies. What are your views on a military member having the right to consume alcohol if they are under the age of 21? 1. Autumn McClintock, 13 years old, replied: I dont believe anyone should be able to drink if they are in war. If the enemy attacks they might be drunk and not able to fight back. Also, its never a good idea to mix guns and alcohol. If they arent in war, even if they are underage, they should be allowed 1 or 2 drinks, but only if they are in the military. McClintock, A. (2018, November 9). Personal interview. This surprised me a little bit as I didnt expect my daughter to have these views. SADD and zero-tolerance policies are heavily indoctrinated into them in this school district. Her idea that this type of service should enjoy a limited privilege was unexpected. 2. Jimmy Hunter, local police officer, replied: Being a police officer, I deal with this situation quite often. Marion is a zero-tolerance town for underage drinking, but each situation is unique. Underage is underage, and the law is clear, but we do have some flexibility in dealing with first offenses and situations where no real harm is being done. There are times where I have the alcohol poured out and then they must get home responsibly, either by a sober friend or taxi. When it comes to the military, I believe if the possibility is there that a person might make the ultimate sacrifice, they are generally mature enough to drink responsibly, and should be allowed to do so. Hunter, J (2018, November 10). Phone interview. This was the response I expected as most people in law enforcement identify with the military and believe that the training and sacrifice instills a responsible level of maturity. His message was more pointed towards being smart about it and behaving appropriately. 3. Laure Stoffel, naturalized U.S citizen from France, replied: We can legally drink wine and beer at 16, and liquors at 18 in France. Drinking wine when younger at restaurants is overlooked if you are with your parents. This is just our way of life. I think Americans are generally to uptight when it comes to these things. I think responsible drinking should be allowed to everyone at 16 or 18, regardless of being in the army. Stoffel, L. (2018, November 12). Personal interview. Again, this was the response I expected as Europeans are more liberal when it comes to alcohol consumption, most likely due to their exposure and culture. 4. Kimberly Starry, high school teacher, replied: Thats a tough one, but working with young people every day, I dont believe that people under the age of 21 are developed enough to drink responsibly. I hear horror stories from colleagues working at universities of students coming to class drunk, or not coming at all after a weekend of binge drinking. They just dont know when they have had enough and being in the military doesnt necessarily change that. Starry, K. (2018, November 8). E-mail. This response also surprised me a little as I feel that teachers are exposed to more diversity and different morals than most people through their students, and my assumption was different than her answer. I expected something along the lines of a mandatory class on drinking responsibly be taken by the service members to earn the privilege. 5. Mike Saunders, Vietnam Veteran, replied: When I was in the service many years ago the drinking age was 18. Also, at that time your buddies looked out for you, not saying that doesnt happen today, but that was a different era, and while the camaraderie is there, I dont know if its the same. Maybe just old-fashioned ideas, not sure, but that shouldnt matter. Military life can be stressful enough, add combat into that and you must be able to blow off steam somehow. I didnt volunteer, I was drafted, and I know its voluntary now, but if youre willing to die for your country, youre d*** sure old enough to have a drink. Saunders, M. (2018, November 12). Phone interview. Being formal military, this is in line with what I thought the reply would be. His alluding to the camaraderie of the past interested me; we still had a sense of camaraderie, but I dont feel to the same level. He keeps in touch with everyone alive from his unit. I do keep in touch with a few of mine, but not all. 6. Victoria Fejfar,University of Iowa senior, replied: I believe all people 18 or older should be able to drink. Yes, there will be people who abuse alcohol, but is that different for people over 21? Im old enough to vote, join the military, and pay bills, so I should be able to legally have a drink if I choose. Its just a way for the local governments to make money by fining us. Fejfar, V. (2018, November 10). Personal interview. I would expect someone in college, and underage, to feel this way and have the view that it should be legal. Its something that is already going on and alcohol is not illegal. Conclusion In conclusion, I believe that persons serving in the military should be allowed to legally drink, regardless of their location, with certain stipulations. The military issues identification cards to every member, and this could be presented in lieu of a drivers license. As part of core training, a course on responsible drinking and proper behavior befitting a soldier must be successfully completed. Many professions require continuing education, and this course should be taken yearly until the age of 21 is reached. This privilege should not be available when stationed in a combat zone or in hostile stations. I agree with my daughter wholly; guns and alcohol never mix. Punishments should be severe if the soldier abuses this right and laws are broken, or damage is caused. The code of ethics regarding drinking should be clear, as well of the consequences (Ghillyer, 2018 p.26). Consuming alcohol isnt an intrinsic right, it is a privilege. The military and its members are sometimes placed under immense pressure. They must be away from loved ones for extended periods of time, sometimes without the opportunity of contact for weeks. They also face the risks of severe injury, capture, and death. They must struggle with the moral dilemma of taking a life and deal with the psychological aftermath that comes with that action. Maybe our views on underage drinking are influenced by the Puritanical ethics brought here by our founders, or the ideas that brought about the Prohibition Act. I think ethics must continually evolve to keep pace with the changing times and world. They cannot always de defined in absolute terms of black and white, a shade of grey needs to be contemplated. If a soldier is properly trained and behaves within the confines of a strict code of ethics that exemplifies good personal values, then allowing them to drink shouldnt be an issue.

Restlessness and Agitation in People With Dementia Essay

Restlessness and Agitation in People With Dementia Restlessness and agitation are common in people with dementia. Cohen M et al (1986) attempted to define restlessness and agitation as inappropriate verbal, vocal or motor activity associated by 29 behaviors including general restlessness, constant attention seeking, complaining, negativism, pacing and screaming. In my nursing placement I experienced a case of vascular dementia. The name of patient, the name of the ward and hospital should remain unmentioned in the essay in order to maintain confidentiality. Mr Hastie (not real name) an 80 years old man attracted my attention with his sudden periodic out bursts of anger and restlessness. At the†¦show more content†¦He seemed to get very angry when he felt he was ignored or interfered with. Knowing all these things helped me decide my role better. He used to become very agitated when the ward was busier, as the staffs in the ward have less time to spend with him and thus he feel ignored. Because I was a supernumerary staff I had much more time to spend with the patient than other nurses and carers in the ward. I tried to calm him down by talking to him calmly, asking him questions in the topics, which he liked to talk about, i.e. about his daughters, his previous job etc. When he started stacking furniture, I used validation therapy (Day 1997) to intervene. I found a way to calm him down by saying it wasnt time for closure of the bar yet, and there would be more customers coming. He would stop stacking saying, is it! Feil (1992) emphasized the importance of validation therapy as an intervention technique to respect the world and feelings of the person with dementia and to validate these feelings by focussing upon that persons experiences of here and now. 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Knowledge Management And Internet Technology †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Knowledge Management And Internet Technology. Answer: Introduction In the current business scenario,knowledge management and internet technology play a significant role in business strategy. Hence, several organizations useknowledge management because it is a key source of getting sustainable advantages. In addition, the organization has required obtaining and modernizing their basic knowledge in order to keep away from competitive approaches with respect to discount on price because rational resources in the operation of a business are hard to imitate. Apart from this, there is a number of companies which use e-commerce to directly communicate with the bulk of customer at one time in across the world. In this way, while e-commerce has linked with business process and standard of the company then it aids the business to enhance their strategic growth. Consequently, it will lead to making improvement in the performance. This essay discusses the certain factors named knowledge management and e-commerce that has a positive impact on the business perfor mance of Foodmart Restaurant. Knowledge management and e-commerce in business practices According to Hislop (2013), knowledgemanagement is a process of acquiring, distributing and significantly utilizing the knowledge. Furthermore, KM is a discipline that leads to integrate the strategy in order to detain, access, repossess and shares the information regarding resources of the company. This information can be related to records, process, past un-captured data, credentials, and learning of the individuals. It is argued that workforce can improve the superiority and decision power by creating understanding with respect to management. Moreover, teamwork approach allows the Foodmart Restaurant to identify the experience and opinion of the high amount of customers and also provides extra concepts regarding preference of customers. It encourages the organization to implement creativity and modern culture in their business environment. Along with this, KM leads the Foodmart restaurant to spread its data and access the current information in the business perspectives. As a result, it can be opined that KM is an inter-disciplinary approach which directs the Foodmart restaurant to execute the innovation and cultural changes (Liebowitz, and Frank, 2016).Since, it can meet the organizations requirement and get the competitive benefits in the Australian restaurant industry. This argument is supported by different authors who explained that KM can enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of the business operation. Additionally, KM helps the company to take rapid action by developing understanding about foodmarts resources. It can also conduct a survey on the bulk of individual and can choose the knowledgeable person because it will facilitate the organization to improve their business performance (Holsapple, 2013). According to the Holtshouse (2013), KM is beneficial to enhance the level of customers satisfaction. The cross-alliance and sharing knowledge is significant to deliver the added value to customers. Foodmart Restaurant could be essential to offer prompt response consequently it will increase the demand of customer with respect to products and services that are offered by the company. It can be evaluated that prompt response delivery is significant for each company. Therefore, foodmart restaurant can exercise the KM approach to deliver prompt responses and build significant judgment with respect to the growth of the business. This approach facilitates the individual to conduct directly access about required information and tools. Consequently, it can be stated that KM strategy is effective to get competitive advantages in the restaurant industry of Australia (Jones, and Sallis, 2013). It is argued that knowledge management is beneficial to enhance the features of product and services of the organization. KM also improves the competencies of the workforces and encourages them for teamwork by spreading the understanding in physical and fundamental business environment. Consequently, it can be stated that foodmart restaurant can improve their business performance. Along with this, the company can be more innovative by exercising the knowledge management resources because it helps to access more current information (Becerra-Fernandez, and Sabherwal, 2014).Together with, foodmart restaurant can facilitate the superior quality of food and services by using the KM. In favored to this argument, it can be stated that foodmart restaurant can deliver the superior services and discover the new information through KM process. As a result, it would be effective to enhance the business operation and obtain competitive benefits in restaurant industry of Australia. Along with this, knowledge should be strategically managed because it will facilitate foodmart restaurant to gain their profitability and provides added value to customers. The company should implement pre-arranged and mutual set of business standard and policies because it will enable foodmart restaurant to minimize the errors and wastages from operations (Jimnez-Jimnez, et al., 2014). Therefore, it can be stated that company can be more innovative, disciplined and productive by using the KM because it helps to avoid the hurdles from a business process. According to the Alegre, et al., (2013), radical cost cutting is significant for each company. Foodmart restaurant can use the knowledge management infrastructure and logically reuse the information by using the integrated system because it will provide benefits to both customers and business. Furthermore, knowledge management enables the company to manage their data more effectively and efficiently. It also reduces the redundancy and wastages from production. As a result, KM would be beneficial for foodmart restaurant to save the fundamental expenses in both short and long term. It also helps the business to identify what could be done in business improvement and what is required for growth, and where is a requirement of using their knowledge. It is argued that electronic commerce is a significant component in modern business due to addressing the needs of the company, vendors, and customers. It is also beneficial for foodmart restaurant to reduce the expenses and creates superiority in products and services as well as increase the prompt service delivery. E-commerce activities should be exercised by foodmart restaurant in order to share paperless information with the customers (Laudon, and Traver, 2013).It can be done by using different tools named electronic bulletin board, electronic fund transfer, other network based technologies, and electronic data exchange. In the current business scenario, e-commerce is used to standardize the business operation. By using the electronic channels such as emails, the internet, mobile phone and computer network, foodmart restaurant can share the information about its product and services with the customers (Chiu, et al., 2014). This argument is supported by different authors who stated that a large number of opportunities are facilitated by the internet for a company such as endorsement of product and services. With the help of e-commerce practices, foodmart restaurant can create a positive image in the customers mind. Further, it can create a companys websites to spread the information and create awareness among the bulk of customers (Fang, et al., 2014). It also facilitates the customers to check the inventories detail and products characteristics and release the online press for companies. According to Wang et al. (2016), advertisement via online helps the company to contact with desired customers and proficient dealers for selling its product and services. Moreover, foodmart restaurant can deliver the wide categories of product and services through online channel as compared to selling it in physical stores due to the availability of customers are large in online stores. In addition, e-commerce facilitates the advantages to both prospective customers and business. For example, the customer can get wide categories of food from online channels as it would create demand towards it. As a result, it will have a favorable impact on the profitability and financial performance of the business. It is argued that e-commerce enables foodmart restaurant to deliver a wide range of services through online channels like ordering food, feedback, complaint, rewards and discount offers, and online payment mode. However, it cannot deliver the physical goods hence it may use effective supply chain management system by which it can ship the product to the customers (Turban, et al., 2017). Along with this, it must choose the option of automated inventory management and online tracking to deliver the physical goods with the customers. Foodmart restaurant can provide different online payment mode for transaction named credit card payment processing, and electronic fund transfer (Huang, and Benyoucef, 2013). As a result, it would be beneficial to create a distinct image in customers mind as compared to its competitors in Australian restaurant industry. This argument is supported by some authors who stated that company can increase the revenue of product and service by providing support to customers through online channels. In the initial phase, foodmart restaurant can share their electronic part of the products like sharing its products menu on websites of the company. At the same time, it can create a forum with respect to customers for overcoming their issues (Hartono, et al., 2014). Foodmart restaurant can also provide the online chat process with free of cost for their users in which they can communicate about buying process of goods and can get the support of employees. According to Da Costa (2016), e-commerce is significant in modern business practices due to the availability of a wide category of products and services, high speed of accessing the information, reach at a large number of customers on a global level, and ease of use for customers and companies. However, it can be ineffective in some manner like sometimes customers are not able to see the product detail before purchase due to technical issues and waiting for delivery of the goods. Conclusion As per the above interpretation, it can be summarized that both knowledge management and e-commerce is a significant part to improve the business practices. KM is advantageous to enhance the efficiency of foodmart restaurant and also improves the business process. E-commerce is another factor that provides high satisfaction to customers due to ease of use. It also helps to communicate with the bulk of customers. Hence, it can be concluded that both KM and e-commerce are essential for Foodmart restaurant to improve their business performance and practices. References Alegre, J., Sengupta, K., Lapiedra, R. (2013). Knowledge management and innovation performance in a high-tech SMEs industry.International Small Business Journal,31(4), 454-470. Becerra-Fernandez, I., Sabherwal, R. (2014).Knowledge management: Systems and processes. UK: Routledge. Chiu, C. M., Wang, E. T., Fang, Y. H., Huang, H. Y. (2014). Understanding customers' repeat purchase intentions in B2C e?commerce: the roles of utilitarian value, hedonic value, and perceived risk.Information Systems Journal,24(1), 85-114. Da Costa, E. (2016).Global e-commerce strategies for small businesses. UK: Mit Press. Fang, Y., Qureshi, I., Sun, H., McCole, P., Ramsey, E., Lim, K. H. (2014). Trust, Satisfaction, and Online Repurchase Intention: The Moderating Role of Perceived Effectiveness of E-Commerce Institutional Mechanisms.Mis Quarterly,38(2). Hartono, E., Holsapple, C. W., Kim, K. Y., Na, K. S., Simpson, J. T. (2014). Measuring perceived security in B2C electronic commerce website usage: A respecification and validation.Decision Support Systems,62, 11-21. Hislop, D. (2013).Knowledge management in organizations: A critical introduction. USA: Oxford University Press. Holsapple, C. (Ed.). (2013).Handbook on knowledge management 1: Knowledge matters(Vol. 1). Berlin: Springer Science Business Media. Holtshouse, D. K. (2013).Information technology for knowledge management. Berlin: Springer Science Business Media. Huang, Z., Benyoucef, M. (2013). From e-commerce to social commerce: A close look at design features.Electronic Commerce Research and Applications,12(4), 246-259. Jimnez-Jimnez, D., Martnez-Costa, M., Sanz-Valle, R. (2014). Knowledge management practices for innovation: a multinational corporations perspective.Journal of Knowledge Management,18(5), 905-918. Jones, G., Sallis, E. (2013).Knowledge management in education: Enhancing learning education. UK: Routledge. Laudon, K. C., Traver, C. G. (2013).E-commerce. UK: Pearson. Liebowitz, J., Frank, M. (Eds.). (2016).Knowledge management and e-learning. USA: CRC press. Turban, E., Whiteside, J., King, D., Outland, J. (2017). Marketing and Advertising in E-Commerce. InIntroduction to Electronic Commerce and Social Commerce(pp. 261-291). Berlin: Springer International Publishing. Wang, W. T., Wang, Y. S., Liu, E. R. (2016). The stickiness intention of group-buying websites: The integration of the commitmenttrust theory and e-commerce success model.Information Management,53(5), 625-642.